Secret Essay Example For Students

Mystery Essay SecretsIt is a nature of individuals to impart their emotions and privileged insights to their alleged companions. Privileged insights are for the most part circumstance that includes this one individual who needs to manage the issues of their protection when confessing to the mystery and simultaneously doesn't need outsider to know. Be that as it may, it is smarter to the audience than the mystery teller. For example, if an individual has a significant choice to make and in the event that he/she doesn't need anyone to else to know the circumstance, yet at a similar token needs proposal or guidance from individuals who he/she can trust, it doesn't make a difference how hard he/she thinks, he/she probably won't have the option to concoct a decent choice. The explanation being is that he/she is excessively engaged with the circumstance thus forestall him/her from intuition appropriately. Now, it is smarter to request second sentiment particularly from a companion or somebody who can be trusted. I accept that privileged insights ought to be kept among you and your companion since that is the establishment of a relationship and it causes you discharge the pressure that is working inside. Each individual has one after another or another offers a mystery to their companion. This is the place the establishment of a genuine kinship starts. Old buddies are elusive; along these lines, in the event that you happen to have an old buddy you would need to impart things to that companion and anticipate that that companion should stay discreet for you. By doing so suggests that you think about him/her as one of your own kin, for example, your dad/mother or spouse/wife. Additionally, you are suggesting to your companion that you confide in him/her enough to share your most close contemplations and emotions. Along these lines consequently that companion should regard you enough to stay quiet for you until you are prepared to report it to the world. Another model is that when you disclose your companion your mystery, you anticipate that that companion should assist you with tackling your concern. Or if nothing else give you a few recommendations in finding an answer for your concern. A genuine companion would wouldn't fret helping you since he/she realizes that you would do likewise for him/her. This companion not exclusively would like helping you yet in addition feels blessed that you would go to him/her for help. Simply the idea of helping you discharge every one of those pressure is sufficient to cheer your companion. Regardless, the explanation you would need to confess to somebody your mystery is on the grounds that it is gobbling you up inside and the best way to discharge it is to tell somebody something. Subsequent to confessing to the entire mystery or even only a little piece of it does a ton of good. That is the reason numerous individuals tell their companions things. Numerous individuals confess to privileged insights for various explanation. It is a piece of human instinct for one companion to confess to another the mystery and anticipate that that companion should stay discreet for you. A solid kinship ought to have an establishment and trust. In the event that a fellowship comes up short on these two crucial components, at that point that relationship would not last. Companions ought to have the option to confide in each other and offer whatever on ones brain. Additionally, companions confess to another companion their insider facts since it causes them free the weight and tension that is working inside. Therefore, I genuinely accept that a genuine companion will stay quiet for you.

Peplaus Theory free essay sample

Peplau (1969) proposed that medical caretakers need to get mindful of themselves, their own needs and their own responses, so as to assist patients with meeting their own needs. Medical attendants must build up the ability of accomplishing proficient closeness, a trait just learned through expert Some confinements of Peplaus hypothesis remember the absence of accentuation for wellbeing advancement and upkeep; that intra-relational intricacies, individual space contemplations, and network social assistance assets are less thought of; it cannot be utilized on a patient who can't communicate a need; and a few territories are not explicit enough to produce a theory. Her 1952 book, Interpersonal Relations in Nursing, Dr. Peplau traces her theoretical structure for psychodynamic nursing. This book was the primary distributed nursing hypothesis since Florence Nightingale’s 1860 idea. The reason for her work was her own and clinical experience. She worked during the extraordinary flu pestilence, which helped her to comprehend the â€Å"influence of disease and passing on people and families† (Tomay and Alligood, 2002, p. We will compose a custom exposition test on Peplaus Theory or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page 80). Her hypothesis centers around the relational turn of events and the restorative relationship that creates between the medical caretaker and the patient, not at all like numerous speculations that put the consideration exclusively on the customer. This medical caretaker customer relationship turns into the core of the nursing procedure. Peplau’s optional center is the intrapersonal procedure of medical caretaker just as customer. Intrapersonal alludes to marvels that happen inside an individual (Forchuk,1993, p. 45).The medical attendant not just spotlights on the customer, the individual in question likewise ponders oneself. Hilda instructed psychodynamic nursing, focusing on the criticalness of the nurse’s ability to get their own conduct so as to assist patients with perceiving their apparent obstructions (Tomey and Alligood, 2002, p. 24). Center Concepts The center ideas of nursing include: nursing, individual, condition, and wellbeing. (Forchuk, 1993, p. 7) Peplau further characterized these ideas in her theory.She believed nursing to be a device that looks to advance wellbeing, individual as a person that lives in a variable setting, condition as environmental factors that may advance wellbeing or look after ailment, and wellbeing as the headway of human turn of events (Forchuk, 1993, p7). Dr. Peplau’s hypothesis advances through psychodynamic nursing, which she characterized as â€Å"being ready to comprehend one’s own conduct to help other people recognize felt challenges and to apply standards of human responses to the issues that emerge at all degrees of experience† (Tomey Alligood, 2002, p. 82). She separates the medical attendant patient relationship into stages: direction, recognizable proof, misuse, and goals. In the direction stage, the patient has a need and looks for help. In the distinguishing proof stage, the patient perceives the individuals who can be of help. In the misuse stage, the patient puts forth an attempt to exploit what the individual is offered through the association. During the goals stage, the patient gradually sets aside old objectives and acknowledges new ones (Tomey Alligood, 2002, p. 82). From these stages, Peplau saw distinctive nursing jobs rising: that of outsider, asset individual, educator, pioneer, proxy, and advisor. In the job of outsider, the medical caretaker treats the patient with basic politeness. As an asset individual, the attendant answers addresses that the patient may have explicit to their consideration. The position of authority incorporates the popularity based procedure and the proxy job includes the patient and medical attendant characterizing all territories of care.In the directing job, the medical caretaker reacts to the patient’s concerns, and the encouraging job joins parts of every one of these capacities (Tomey Alligood, 2002, p. 382-383). Use of Dr. Peplau’s Theory A nursing hypothesis helps the rehearsing attendant in sorting out, understanding, and examining quiet data; settling on choices with respect to nursing execution; arranging persistent consideration; and foreseeing and assessing tolerant results (Tomey Alligood, 2002, p. 17). Dr.Peplau’s hypothesis can be used to coordinate the medical attendant in the different parts of work on, including appraisal and arranged intercessions. Many medical caretaker scientists have utilized Peplau’s hypothesis for quantitative just as subjective techniques for inquire about. Peplau accepted that attendants could apply these standards to any part of their lives. During appraisal, the medical caretaker and patient talk about the patient’s issues and the attendant clarifies accessible administrations. As the medical attendant patient relationship is created, the medical attendant and patient cooperatively characterize issues and arrangements. Utilizing Peplau’s hypothesis, medical attendant and customer commonly plan to meet the patient needs (Potter Perry, 1993, p. 10-11) For an attendant to set up the adequacy of arranged mediations, the medical caretaker should initially know about the section through different phases of the restorative relationship. Peplau’s hypothesis has been utilized broadly in the psychological well-being field, nonetheless, it is pertinent in each part of nursing work on, including: geriatric, crisis, nurture the executives, general wellbeing, and clinical practice. Numerous medical clinics in the nation have received her model as a reason for quiet care.Nursing research in regions, for example, tension and compassion came about because of her model (Potter Perry, 1993, p. 11). All in all, Peplau’s hypothesis was progressive in all parts of the nursing procedure. Peplau’s center around the relational elements of the medical caretaker persistent relationship permits the attendant to develop jobs as asset individual, guide and educator. Dr. Peplau’s spearheading thought that the patient is a person with a felt need and that nursing is an intelligent and corrective procedure is as yet applicable today as it considers noteworthy energizing results.

Open and Closed 12-Step Meetings

Open and Closed 12-Step Meetings Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Print Open vs. Closed 12-Step Meetings By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on September 23, 2019 Tom Merton / Getty Images More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use On published schedules of 12-step meetings, some are designated as open meetings, while others are shown as closed meetings. Open meetings are open to the public while closed meetings are for members onlyâ€"however, each programs guidelines define who counts as a member.?? Closed 12-Step Meetings Alcoholics Anonymous, Al-Anon Family Groups, and Adult Children of Alcoholics meetings are generally closed meetings unless otherwise stated. Closed meetings are limited to members and prospective members only. It is up to individuals to determine if they are qualified for membership, based on the following criteria from Tradition 3 of the 12 step groups: Alcoholics Anonymous: The only requirement for A.A. membership is a desire to stop drinking.Al-Anon Family Groups: The only requirement for membership is that there be ?a  problem of alcoholism in a relative or friend.ACOA: The only requirement for membership in ACOA is a desire to recover from the effects of growing up in an alcoholic or otherwise dysfunctional family.Narcotics Anonymous: The only requirement for membership is a desire to stop using drugs.Gamblers Anonymous: The only requirement for Gamblers Anonymous membership is a desire to stop gambling.Debtors Anonymous: The only requirement for D.A. membership is a desire to stop incurring unsecured debt. Reasons for Closed 12-Step Meetings The spiritual foundation of all 12-step groups is anonymity. Members of the group can choose to attend closed meetings knowing that everyone in the meeting is guided by the groups steps and traditions, which encourages each member to maintain their own anonymity and the anonymity of others in the meeting.?? In a closed meeting, members can speak openly and honestly about their problem or situation, knowing that everyone else in the room has experienced similar situations. Open 12-Step Meetings If the meeting is an open meeting, however, members understand that there may be visitors from the public or even the media in the meeting and they conduct themselves accordingly. Usually, but not always, open meetings are speaker meetings, at which one person has been designated to speak, telling their storyâ€"what it was like, what happened, and what their life is like now. The speaker knows ahead of time that the meeting is an open meeting and there may be non-member visitors present. Open meetings are for anyone who is interested in learning more about the support group program. Open meetings can be attended by students, professionals, and other non-members interested in learning more about the recovery programs. Primary Purpose of Open Meetings The designation of a meeting as open does not change the meetings primary purpose of the group. Generally speaking, when attending one 12-step meeting, members do not mention their membership in other 12-step groups during the meeting, to keep the meeting focused on its primary purpose. If a meeting is not designated either open or closed on a published schedule, in most cases, it should be considered closed.

The Current State Of Our Post Secondary Education System

The current state of our post-secondary education system should not be judged simply by the growing debt accumulated by students and parents. Many of us are aware that the current outstanding debt of college loans is roughly a trillion dollars with growing delinquency rates. The issues with the post-secondary education system are often limited to single item discussions such as textbook prices or rising tuition costs. These issues when looked at unilaterally do not give insight into the entire picture and often cause topical tunnel vision. The problems of higher education are multifaceted and born from the linkage between accreditation boards, educational institutions, textbook publishers, and federal aid. When focusing on these connections we find not only parasitic relationships and borderline abuse but also a fundamentally flawed, antiquated approach to educating our future generations. The United States faces an educational epidemic. Our country has seen a massive decrease in reliance on manufacturing in the last three decades replaced by an ever increasing reliance on knowledge based services. Gone are the days when a high school diploma and a family member in a union meant stable incomes and traceable futures. Over the coming years a high school diploma will open only one-third of the job market doors as advanced education becomes more desirable and in many cases required. According to the American Community Survey in 2008, a high school degreeShow MoreRelatedThe Cost Of College Education1362 Words   |  6 PagesHow would you feel if money were no object when it comes to obtaining something you really want, and know it will be of great benefit to you in exchange? In fact, what if I told you that a post secondary education can be of no cost to you or your parents, meaning no high interest rates, or additional fees to pay back. All you need is the desire to better your circumstances. No loan applications and debt required! Well, I wish that had been offered this proposition before graduating high school, andRead MoreThe Standards Of American Education Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pagesstandards of American education, one of the major points being the cost to obtain a degree. Current societal standards have condition people to aim for a prestigious degree that will help make it s holder successful. Of course, societ y defines success, for an individual, as being highly intelligent, outgoing, wealthy, and family-oriented. Yet, many American citizens are still stuck trying to meet the first item in the success definition. If a person refuses to attend post-secondary school in fear thatRead MoreThe Importance of Improving Public Education Essay examples1453 Words   |  6 Pagesthe United States of America, was founded upon. Every decision made is done by compromise. This includes all the laws that are passed, and more specifically the â€Å"No Child Left Behind Act.† The No Child Left Behind Act was not the first law passed to affect the nation’s educational systems, nor will it be the last. There have been several problems laid out with the various educational systems put into place, and there are many things we could do today to better our educational systems in the futureRead MoreEssay on A Comparison of American and Canadian Education 865 Words   |  4 PagesI found the Differences and similarities of both educational systems very interesting. The United States educational system is has three levels however; some school districts may subdivide elementary and secondary students to create separate schools at the middle and junior high level. Once a child turns five they begin kindergarten and stay in elementary until they graduate. From there they attend junior high, grades 5 through 8. All students enter into High School for grades 9-12 and if they areRead MoreHow Student Loans Have Affected The Cost Of Tuition964 Words   |  4 Pagesa little over $5,000. Although, most of these universities are offering the same mediocre education from the last three decades; the cost of tuition has more than tripled for public universities and for private universities, it has gone up a staggering 85%. Canada holds an average educational cost of 5,974 and England follows with an estimated average cost of 5,288. In spite the tuition in the United States being mor e than twice that of its allies; the main problem contributing to the continuingRead MorePreparing America For Middle Skill Work Essay714 Words   |  3 PagesMiddle-Skill Work is a short interview with Anthony Carnevale. Anthony Carnevale is the Executive Director of Georgetown s Center on Education and is considered a workforce guru. The article delves into the perceived shortage of middle skill workers, both now and in the future. Carnevale discusses the need for a new paradigm of education and what the United States can do to fill this ever-increasing need. Summary Carnevale cites statistics claiming over 30% of new jobs created in AmericaRead MoreValue of Education1441 Words   |  6 PagesValue of Education In his essay â€Å"Is College Worth the Money?†, Daniel S. Cheever, Jr. contends that, â€Å"The real question is whether students are getting their money’s worth† (102). He emphasizes the value of education and not only the cost. Higher education is the focus of Cheever’s essay, but I believe the same question of worth can be asked concerning elementary through high school education as well. Both public and private schools offer distinctive educational opportunities and each individualRead MoreStructural Violence And Its Effects On Society Essay1170 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to an article by Adam Burtle from United States Citizen Ambassador to the United Nations, structural violence is â€Å"Systematic ways in which social structures harm or otherwise disadvantage individuals†. One element that structural violence has is that it is difficult to identify specific cause or person who are responsible for (Adam Burtle, 2016). For example, if pe ople cannot receive social services since they are not literated, or 10000 African Americans die just because of they are AfricanRead MoreThe Argument On The Left1378 Words   |  6 Pageshopes of achieving prestigious positions in the white-collar industry. Unfortunately, however, one’s decision to further their education at post-secondary school can have one rather drastic unforeseen consequence: thousands of dollars’ worth of debt. As a result of this growing â€Å"epidemic† plaguing college students around the nation, rallying cries for free higher education have begun to spring up throughout the country. But, for as many logical, thought-out arguments that exist in support of freeRead MoreElementary Secondary Education Act Of 1965 And Its Versions No Child Left Behind Act1488 Words   |  6 PagesEducation is valued as one of the most important aspects of socio-economic group mobilization and social elevation in the United States. Operating under a human capital ideology education in the U.S. is a means to provide education to individuals in an effort for continued economic advancement for our nation. However, as times change education fails to completely change with it. Secondary education is no longer seen as a means to earning financial stability. Primary education encompasses complexity

Todays Education Has Changed Over Time - 1171 Words

Education Rewind Introduction: Todays education has changed in many ways over the years. From the behavior of students caused by different parenting skills, how teachers teach their classes as well as students ability to use fundamentals, media and technology all play a roll in how the world of education has evolved. Robin Lawrence a thirteen years veteran teacher now a curriculum specialist at Bellaire Elementry has a good insight to how the educational system has changed over time. Transition: N/A Paragraph One: Past Education Topic Sentence: In the past students behavior, the way teachers taught their classes as well as media and technology was all very different than present day. Transition: Main Point One: Behavior in the past was much better. Past generations did not have adult problems placed on them. Past parents had better control to allow their children to be young. Parents were did not have a lack of parenting skills. They were allowed to be carefree children unlike the present day generations. Today’s generations have adult problems caused by poor or lack of parenting and therefore their behavior reflect this. The poor behavior of today’s generations has affected their education. The poor behavior of one student affects the whole class. Supporting Detail One: Mrs. Lawrence stated, â€Å"Student behavior was much better when I attended school than the behaviors I see in students present day.’’ Supporting Detail Two: When asking Mrs. Lawrence why she felt thatShow MoreRelatedTodays Education Has Changed Over Time1077 Words   |  5 PagesTodays education has changed in many ways over the years. From the behavior of student’s caused by different parenting skills, how teachers teach their classes as well as student’s ability to use fundamentals, media and technology all play a role in how the world of education has evolved. Robin Lawrence a thirteen year veteran teacher now a curriculum specialist at Bellaire Elementary has a good insight into how the educational system has changed over time. Past and present behavior have differedRead MoreTodays Education Has Changed Over Time1161 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: Todays education has changed in many ways over the years. From the behavior of student’s caused by different parenting skills, how teachers teach their classes as well as students ability to use fundamentals, media and technology all play a role in how the world of education has evolved. Robin Lawrence a thirteen year veteran teacher now a curriculum specialist at Bellaire Elementary has a good insight into how the educational system has changed over time. Transition: N/A ParagraphRead MoreHow School Has Changed Over Time1065 Words   |  5 PagesSchool has changed tremendously over time. School was a lot different back then than it is today. Going to school was not offered to everyone. It was only offered to the upper-class. Boys and girls were schooled separately, but today our schools are diverse and have many different kinds of races. Technology did not even exist a hundred years ago, but today, we use technology everyday in our school work. Through the course of history, education usually matched the needs of society until recentlyRead MoreSocial Change And The 21st Century Classroom1464 Words   |  6 PagesWhile 21st Century learning and teaching is always changing, it is as dynamic as the world around us. There are many factors including globalisation, social change and technology, which are driving changes in education, with a variety of positive and negative impacts on teaching and learning in the 21st Century. With ongoing changes in te aching practices, which in turn changes the attitudes of today’s teachers and learners. A 21st century classroom is a productive environment where the teachers areRead MoreEducation Reform : Education And Education1043 Words   |  5 Pages Education Reform School has changed tremendously over time. School was a lot different back then than it is today. Going to school wasn’t offered to everyone. It was only offered to the upper-class. Boys and girls were schooled separately, but today our schools are diverse and have many different kinds of races. Technology did not even exist a hundred years ago but today, we use technology everyday for our schoolwork. Through the course of history, education usually matched the needs of societyRead MoreEssay on The Feminist Movement and Domestic Violence651 Words   |  3 PagesFeminism has not changed today, but its focus has changed. Many women today have good education and employment opportunities just like men, as the early feminist fought for them. Now, after getting all these, men are now discriminating them and at times abusing them in order to undermine their hard work and potentiality. Men are doing all they can to undermine the success women have been able to acquired, however, t oday’s feminism is struggling to protect women and girls from domestic violence, sexualRead MoreAustralian Law Has Reflected The Status Of Women1221 Words   |  5 PagesAustralian law has reflected the status of women in Anglo-Celtic culture. Today there are women in Australia from widely diverse cultural backgrounds and the law has a role in ensuring the safety, freedom, security and equality of opportunity for them all. As the status of women varies from culture to culture and changes over time, the law has had to adapt and evolve in order to fulfill its role. Modern Australian law began its existence as British law, applying to 18th- and 19th-century women inRead MoreEducation, Education And Literacy1421 Words   |  6 PagesEducation and literacy are very important and play many roles in everyday lives. Over many years, education and literacy have been viewed as something to be proud of and something to strive towards, this can be seen back in the mid-20th century, while in more recent times, the views have changed to almost the polar opposite of the original views. Today, they aren’t as cherished or valued as they were back in the day. In the time of Malcolm X, the mid-20th century, education and literacy were valuedRead MoreThe Importance Of Education In Education933 Words   |  4 PagesEducation needs to embrace Project Based Learning for the future The educational obstacles faced by high school students today are vast and varied. The ancient structure of education in this country has not changed in over a century and by no means reflects the nature of the work environment that high school students will face. Mechanization, globalization, technology and collaboration are the future, yet the high school students of today are trained in the same fashion as those at the turn of theRead MoreThe 1920s And 1920s During The 1950s1198 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Over the past (almost) hundred years, society and education have both changed drastically. Typically, the things that have happened in history, such as wars, technological advances, and changes in culture, changed education as a result. Some of these changes include popular culture in the 1920s, economic factors in the 1930s, military intervention in the 1940s, Sputnik in the 1950s, and racial issues in the 1960s. One theme of education is that it has gradually become more important over the

General Problem of Manual System Free Essays

History of Existing System Taytay campus was established in year 2008, they have a library but there have shortage in books. In that time the students are donating books in the library. To borrow a book from the library you need to register first. We will write a custom essay sample on General Problem of Manual System or any similar topic only for you Order Now Librarian required you need to present an Identification card (National ID School) during presentation if the ID card you are required to fill up the form to register in the library, after registration in the Librarian you are free to select the books you want to borrow. Once you have chosen the books you are needed the Librarian get it. The Librarian keeps your Borrower Card and the logbook. Returning book, before on the stipulated date you, are required to return the book. On presenting the book, you will sign the logbook that you have returned the book and also state the date. Note: If you fail to return the book at stipulated date you may be fined and if you lost the book you will be pay. Users of Existing System Library System Library System has involved: * Librarian * Students * Faculty Librarian – He/She maintain the arranging of books and the silentness of the Library. * Is a person who works professionally in a library and usually trained in Librarianship. Traditionally a Librarian is associated with collections of books. Library System 1. In borrowing a book. -need to sign-in to borrowers cards and sign-in to a logbook 2. In entering library -need to sign-in to logbook 3. In using Computer -need to sign-in to a logbook and give to Librarian your ID. Student – The users of the library. * He/She borrowed a books for research information Causes why students go to library * To get more information in their research * To research their lessons * To concentrate well in their activities Faculty – used library to research for more information. How to cite General Problem of Manual System, Papers

White Privilege as it Pertains to White and Minority College Students Essay Example For Students

White Privilege as it Pertains to White and Minority College Students Essay â€Å"My (black) Caribbean students, as a whole, tend to perform much better than my African-American students. Well, consider it over the years, and particularly during slavery, the best and brightest blacks in this country were weeded out. I don’t believe that blacks are naturally inferior to whites, however, American blacks are the unfortunate end product of an enforced breeding process that has left them at a mental disadvantage. † Racism is often conceived as the summation of prejudice plus power. This does not have to do so much with the number of people in any group, but their access to ideological and material resources (including arms). In an American university environment, these ‘arms’ may be found in the shape of grades, scholarships and fellowships, the ability of professors to give or withhold positive reinforcement, and the self-images and convictions the students themselves, both white and minority, bring into this setting. We will write a custom essay on White Privilege as it Pertains to White and Minority College Students specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The effects of ‘white privilege’, a little-acknowledged theory that whites enjoy â€Å"an invisible package of unearned assets,† resonate silently throughout the university system, deployed as subtle psychological hand grenades. White privilege is harmful not only to the minorities it relegates to the sidelines, but damaging to the whites who are either active or passive participants in this ideology. Here is my classroom. It is a 100 level sociology course. I am one of two white students in a class of mostly African-American and Caribbean-American students. The other white student and I, and an older African-American woman, are the only students to speak at least once every session. Our professor knows our names and listens attentively when we speak. This (white) professor has made a point of telling the class that she is politically liberal and interested and educated in many minority cultures. Yet, she rolls her eyes at the rough English spoken by one African-American student and glosses over the hesitant comments of others. It would seem, by the students’ tacit and silent acceptance of her behavior, that this is de rigueur, par for the course. These days, a college degree serves as one of the few tickets into a socially and economically comfortable lifestyle. College itself, ideally, should vastly increase the knowledge, skills, and capacity for critical thinking in its students. However, in this racially imbalanced society, college is the culmination of a white-weighted education, and often ignores its own participation in long-standing racial injustices and inequities. Minority students are expected to jump headlong into white standards of behavior, without regard for the unique circumstances that render that expectation difficult, if not impossible, to meet. My schooling gave me no training in seeing myself as an oppressor, as an unfairly advantaged person, or as a participant in a damaged culture. I was taught to see myself as an individual whose moral state depended on her individual moral will. My schooling followed the pattern my colleague Elizabeth Minnich has pointed out: whites are taught to think of their lives as morally neutral, normative, and average, and also ideal, so that when we work to benefit others, this is seen as work which will allow ‘them’ to be more like ‘us’ (McIntosh, p. 1). Today, this country prides itself on the great strides it has taken to promote racial equality and harmony. Many universities have incorporated diversity training as part of the curriculum. History and literature courses celebrating non-white cultures are prevalent in schools. Additionally, many affirmative action admission policies and scholarship programs are available to minority students. There is no denying that efforts have been made to minimize the gap between white and minority advantages. However, amidst these well-intentioned efforts, white privilege continues to shape the experiences of both white and minority students. Consider the following: Since an individual’s self-concept is based upon his experiences and since American society has gone to great lengths to teach the black that he is inferior, it has commonly been accepted that the black has somehow internalized this prevailing valuation and made it his own. The result, according to this formulation, is that the black experiences a deficiency in self-esteem (Baughman, p. 38). This â€Å"prevailing valuation† has a significant impact on the minority student. .u774b9bc4db7a3f2da8153eb3394c17d5 , .u774b9bc4db7a3f2da8153eb3394c17d5 .postImageUrl , .u774b9bc4db7a3f2da8153eb3394c17d5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u774b9bc4db7a3f2da8153eb3394c17d5 , .u774b9bc4db7a3f2da8153eb3394c17d5:hover , .u774b9bc4db7a3f2da8153eb3394c17d5:visited , .u774b9bc4db7a3f2da8153eb3394c17d5:active { border:0!important; } .u774b9bc4db7a3f2da8153eb3394c17d5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u774b9bc4db7a3f2da8153eb3394c17d5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u774b9bc4db7a3f2da8153eb3394c17d5:active , .u774b9bc4db7a3f2da8153eb3394c17d5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u774b9bc4db7a3f2da8153eb3394c17d5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u774b9bc4db7a3f2da8153eb3394c17d5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u774b9bc4db7a3f2da8153eb3394c17d5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u774b9bc4db7a3f2da8153eb3394c17d5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u774b9bc4db7a3f2da8153eb3394c17d5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u774b9bc4db7a3f2da8153eb3394c17d5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u774b9bc4db7a3f2da8153eb3394c17d5 .u774b9bc4db7a3f2da8153eb3394c17d5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u774b9bc4db7a3f2da8153eb3394c17d5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Syrian Refugee Crisis essayMany minority students have experienced, based on their race, derision, inattentiveness, or inadequate encouragement in both prior school environments and other life experiences. Even those who may not have experienced discrimination directed specifically toward them are aware of the long history of racism in this country and longstanding attitudes and expressions of white supremacy. Minority students are aware that this is not such a free country; ones life is not what one makes it; many doors open for certain people through no virtues of their own. In proportion as my racial group was being made confident, comfortable, and oblivious, other groups were likely being made unconfident, uncomfortable, and alienated. Whiteness protected me from many kinds of hostility, distress, and violence, which I was being subtly trained to visit in turn upon people of color (McIntosh, p. 31). The following list is the result of a study conducted on minority students in math and science classes. It lists various potential factors that can positively and negatively affect the minority’s school performance. Persistence: Those students who are unsuccessful in mathematics and science have not developed the ability to persist. Having the ability to persist in the face of conflict is essentially related to a positive self-concept. Stereotyping: Many teachers, both majority and minority, as well as many minority students tend to stereotype mathematics and science as White male domains. Utility: Minority students are less likely to understand how the study of mathematics and science is applicable to everyday life, as well as valuable to their future schooling and jobs. Influence of Significant Others: Teachers, counselors, parents, and peers have a role in shaping students participation in mathematics and science. Without this guidance, students have a more difficult time achieving in the classroom. Previous Experiences: Minority students tend to perform best when the content is related to their previous experiences; frequently, curriculum does not relate to their experiences. Academic Deficiencies: Achievement test performances by minority students indicate growing competency in basic skills, but weakness in understanding and applying concepts. Language: Limited English-proficient minority students encounter limitation in English-speaking mathematics and science classrooms, and on achievement tests. Misuse of Testing and Test Data: The use of standardized test data to predict achievement and to assess ability is detrimental to minority students. Learning Styles: Instructional strategies frequently do not complement the learning styles of many minority students. Teacher Expectations: Educators often perceive minorities as having inferior ability. This perception translates into an expectation of low achievement, which is communicated to and internalized by the minority student (Internet Source) These factors are not often considered in a university environment. In fact, it may be said, that there is a stigma associated with the idea of instituting programs that address the more profound issues within these social problems. However, it must be realized that the university system in this country is neither removed from nor neutral toward racial concerns. Rather, it is a mainstream institution in this country, founded upon the principles, customs, and history of white Anglo-Saxons. This may be exhibited by something as disturbing as the statement at the top of this document, or by such subtle means as the textbooks that only portray white faces. Again, it is not that there has been no action in resolving this issue, but rather that there are still fundamental imbalances deep within the heart of society that must be made aware of and addressed. On the other hand, the white student’s school performance is not affected by concerns stemming from his or her race. According to Ruth Frankenberg, white culture is viewed by many whites as ‘no culture† (Frankenberg, p. 176). Whiteness is not so much void, but rather acts as the dominant norm. To the white student, whiteness is the normative ideal precisely because it is unrecognized, unacknowledged and therefore unchallenged. Adrienne Rich’s terminology for this tendency to generalize specifically white cultural practices and perceptions of the world as normal is â€Å"white solipsism† (Rich qtd. in Spelman, p. 36). This does not always entail consciously believing that one race is inherently superior to all others; but a â€Å"tunnel?vision which simply does not see nonwhite experience or existence as precious or significant† (Rich qtd. n Spelman, p. 36). One effect of this is the belief that those values held dear by white, and perhaps middle?class people, are of importance to everyone. .u1ec611815fb7cb0858d94881897e062b , .u1ec611815fb7cb0858d94881897e062b .postImageUrl , .u1ec611815fb7cb0858d94881897e062b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1ec611815fb7cb0858d94881897e062b , .u1ec611815fb7cb0858d94881897e062b:hover , .u1ec611815fb7cb0858d94881897e062b:visited , .u1ec611815fb7cb0858d94881897e062b:active { border:0!important; } .u1ec611815fb7cb0858d94881897e062b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1ec611815fb7cb0858d94881897e062b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1ec611815fb7cb0858d94881897e062b:active , .u1ec611815fb7cb0858d94881897e062b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1ec611815fb7cb0858d94881897e062b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1ec611815fb7cb0858d94881897e062b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1ec611815fb7cb0858d94881897e062b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1ec611815fb7cb0858d94881897e062b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1ec611815fb7cb0858d94881897e062b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1ec611815fb7cb0858d94881897e062b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1ec611815fb7cb0858d94881897e062b .u1ec611815fb7cb0858d94881897e062b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1ec611815fb7cb0858d94881897e062b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Masque Of The Red Death EssayIt seems that many people do not understand that their world?view is socially constructed, rather than ‘natural’ or ‘normal. ’ Another important effect is that in the white and larger mainstream society, whites are seen and judged as individuals based on their own merits or shortcomings, while minority individuals are grouped together and are often seen as anonymous extensions of one negatively viewed body. I can go shopping alone most of the time, pretty well assured that I will not be followed or harassed. Whether I use checks, credit cards, or cash, I can count on my skin color not to work against the appearance of financial reliability. I can swear, or dress in second hand clothes, or not answer letters, without having people attribute these choices to the bad morals, the poverty, or the illiteracy of my race† (McIntosh, p. 31) E. Earl Baughman discussed another aspect of racism that may address the heart of the issue. It forces up to consider the possibility that the self-esteem of the average white is also significantly damaged by his experiences in the social structure of which he is a part. In this regard, we suspect that the black often overestimates the degree of self-satisfaction that resides in his white neighbor. Indeed, the very fact that the white man has found it necessary to push the black man down as inferior suggests the operation of a compensatory mechanism, the goal being to reassure the white of his self-worth. (Baughman, p. 42) The significance of this quote is the expression that our society, and its inhabitants, is damaged; that is, at least, according to our own dearly held ideologies: peace, justice, freedom, brotherhood. For people of color, race acts as a filter through which they perceive the world. White people tend not to look at the world through this filter of racial awareness, despite the fact that they also comprise a race. More often than not, white people see those affected by racial oppression as black or other people of color. Yet, it is a sign of privilege to have the freedom not to think about racism or ponder your location in the racial order. But that is a privilege not even whites hold. It is a mistake to assume that challenging racism is solely for the benefit of people of color. Racism also damages whites because it works to keep us separate and distinct from people of color with whom powerful alliances might otherwise be built, alliances operating to our mutual benefit. Division and estrangement between whites and people of color support a system that oppresses the majority of both, for the benefit of relatively few; effectively denying the richness and knowledge we could offer each other.

The Guide on How to Write a Mathematics Essay

The Guide on How to Write a Mathematics Essay Many people have doubts about the usefulness of writing mathematics papers, as math is the science of numbers with no reference to the words. However, professors continue to provide students with writing tasks which include mathematics. The main function of the writer who receives such an assignment is to define the problem and explain the solution. Mathematics essays are different from others because the author needs to introduce results at the start of the paper. Readers should understand the conclusion to analyze the explanation provided by the writer. The author needs to perceive the audience as people who do not know nearly anything about math. The report should be understandable for everyone. Writing Mathematics essays is the perfect opportunity for students to understand the certain part of the class better. The proper explanation requires source processing and researching. Therefore, students acquire useful knowledge during the writing process. In fact, the essential part of writing mathematics essays is to examine the provided field and seek out for information in libraries or internet storages. Find all the relevant information in this math essay writing guide. Choosing a Topic for a Mathematics Essay One of the most important tasks of writing a mathematics essay is the process of choosing a topic. There are two types of mathematics essays: History of math essays, Problem-solving mathematics essays. The writer should anticipate the type of the paper before choosing the topic to decrease the range of possible options. Mathematics writing that does not solve a certain problem have a different structure and do not need the implications and background parts, similarly to the regular arrangement of the essay. At the same time, in the problem-solving type of research, the author should show the knowledge of the subject and provide an understandable explanation for people with the same or a bit lower level of expertise. Once the topic is chosen, it is better to write the main ideas of the essay to understand the future requirements for the paper and the needed amount of work to be done. Certain topics may be more difficult to describe or chose the exemplary problem to solve in the article. The writer should define the level of mathematics understanding to pick the solution topic which they can explain clearly with the investigation in the sphere. Examples of the proper history of math topics for the regular students: Math in Medicine, Math Implications in the Psychology, Math for the Modern Technologies, The History of Math in the US. Examples of the problem-solving topics: Sinuses and Cosines (which includes the example of the solved problem with these trigonometry functions), Dividing Complex Numbers (with an explained solution), Euler Circles (including sample). You as a writer of an essay in Math should remember that there is no point in choosing the less difficult problems to explain the provided topic. Readers may not understand the full implication of certain theory from the solution of the first level exercise from the textbook. However, the student needs to find a golden middle point which stands between the obvious topics (problems) and the difficult ones which he or she could not properly understand or explain. Examples of abortive topics in Mathematics: Pythagorean Theorem (there is not much to write on this topic), Value of Mathematics (too general, should be specified), How Math Influences People’s Lives (the problem is sociological, not mathematical), An Analysis of a Rocket Ascent Stages (needs astronomy knowledge). 3 Tips from Our Writers for Writing a Mathematics Essay Furthermore, besides the regular structure and formatting pieces of advice, there are few tips which may be helpful for writing any kind of mathematics essay. The suggestions should not be used as a rule as every writer has different preferences and creates his or her own methods for the facilitation of the working process. At the same time, mathematics essays have certain common features and difficulties which are easier to understand with these pieces of advice: It is necessary to talk less about the general implications of laws and mathematics rules. Students should provide the reader with the proper explanation of the problem and disclose important details of the execution of the described principles. The audience does not need to know much information about the history of the topic in the problem-solving essay. Readers should see the way the law or rules work and the possibilities of their implementation. The writer can insert formulas into the solution but adhere to certain tips to make the numbers useful for the explanation. There are two ways of writing equations which are handwriting them after printing the work or using the features of the Microsoft Office to insert them. Even though the numbers are separated from the text, they still need to be formatted. The guide written by Kevin Lee may be helpful to understand the way formulas need to be combined with writing. It is necessary to use graphs and pictures for a better understanding of the information. The visualization of data is the essential part of each mathematics assignment. Undoubtedly, the person comprehends the numbers and utilization of the principles when they see how it works in the image. Different types of graphs exist for various problems, and each of them can be created with the help of the Microsoft Office functions. The picture below (pic. 1) shows how the information can be visualized in various ways. The Structure Used for Your Mathematics Essay As was mentioned above, the problem solving type of a mathematics essay has a structure that differs from the regular one. A math essay that describes certain concepts and suggests examples of their implementation consists of the background, introduction, body, and implications sections. The background part’s predestination is to describe the history and details of the presented topic. The main task of the writer in this step is to provide an extended and clear explanation of all concepts that will be used in the essay. The introduction shows to the reader how the whole paper will be structured and which examples will be considered for the explanation. This part describes the reason for writing the particular essay and states all symbols or special words that will be used in the body part. The body part is the primary constituent of the whole paper, as it shows the problem to the reader and analyses the provided solution. Writers focus only on the main topic of the essay at this point to catch the attention of the audience and make the reading less difficult for them. The implications section is the one which provides the reader with the ideas for the future implementation of the plans. Author’s primary task is to describe how the explained concepts can be used for the various problems. Also, the audience should acknowledge what parts of the topic were not uncovered in the essay and how they can research this field in the future. Background The background constituent of the essay is the original feature of the mathematics essay. Readers should already understand that this part is not needed for the history of math papers. As a part before the introduction of the problem-solving piece, the background should highlight the primary concepts of the topic. The writer needs to describe the short history and periods of the theory development. Background usually consist of the general information without any refinement regarding the present later problem. The primary task of the writer in this section of the paper is to provide people who may not be familiar with certain terms or principles with necessary facts to understand the solutions in the other parts of the essay. The author should define the audience before writing the background as it would not be important to highlight obvious math attributes to the Masters in Math, for instance. Introduction The introduction is the regular part of any kind of an essay, and it is necessary as the main ideas or solutions should be presented to the reader at the start of the paper. This part of the writing is not the same for the mathematics essays as for the usual ones because of a few distinctions The necessary constituents of the introduction section: The definition of the symbols and principles which are needed for the specific problem introduced in the essay; The statement of the issue and its connections to the utilized theories or laws; The final solution to the problem, which will be explained in the body paragraphs. You as a writer of a Mathematics essay should not forget that its essential distinction is that the final results (solutions) are presented in the introduction, unlike the other types of papers. This feature is needed for the reader to understand the ending assumptions and analyze explanation in the body part. Body Paragraphs The widest part of each academic paper is the body. This section of the mathematics essay includes information about the stated problem and description of its solutions. It usually contains many formulas, examples of the theories’ implementation, and exposition of the similar issues. The writer needs to concentrate on the clear selection of words and use only those principles or symbols which were stated in the background or introduction sections. In fact, the crucial goal of the mathematics essay is to make the reader understand the topic better; therefore, there is no need for the complex constructions or utilizations of difficult math formulas. The usefulness of the paper will be determined by its clearness and specification. Body paragraphs ought to be concentrated on the provided issue and its solutions, with the tiny part of the general information which is not helpful for the problem. Implications The final part of the mathematics essay is the implications, which shows the readers how they can utilize the received knowledge in the future. This section provides examples of the assignments or issues which relate to the topic and the short explanations for their solutions. Also, the writer can provide additional sources and information for more thorough research of the area to support the reader in his or her future. The implications part explains why the topic is important and how the provided problem can be connected to the people’s lives. Besides, the writer ought to state the consequences of his work and the original reasons for its writing. In the end, the reader needs to acknowledge the usefulness of the researched mathematics essay and see exactly why it is essential for him or her to know about it. How to Choose Reliable Sources for a Math Essay Undoubtedly, the writer needs to do significant research to compose the well-structured and useful mathematics essay. It would be impossible to explain and describe the topic without any side help from the articles, books, or internet resources. However, there are a few rules which the writer should adhere to when choosing the source for their paper. Unlike the other subjects, math information is usually contained in the books and internet resources. However, books can be 30-40 years old and still credible. Once the mathematics principle was proved, it takes many years to improve or change it. At the same time, information from certain sites may not be truthful and written by the person who does not understand mathematics at all. Consequently, all found internet sources should be analyzed and checked for the credibility. There are certain sites which have already proven themselves and can be used for the more thorough understanding of the explained principles: http://weusemath.org/ http://everydaymath.uchicago.edu/ https://www.emis.de/ Formatting and Proofreading a Mathematics Essay Finally, the last but not the least important part of the essay creation is proofreading and checking the paper after the writing. Certain writers tend to ignore this task as they are confident in their English and the ability to express thoughts. However, even the professionals who write for years still need the final proofreading and checking of the format. After the last word of the essay, the writer should read it and correct the found mistakes. The human mind is not a perfect computer. Therefore, sites like Grammarly.com exist, where any person can use the program to check their paper for common mistakes, replace words with synonyms, or even change the whole sentences. After proofreading, the author should not forget about plagiarism checking as the work is credible only when it is original. All information from the side sources should be cited relatively to the needed citation style (MLA, APA, Harvard, etc.) You are well-equipped with all the relevant math essay writing tips on how to write a Mathematics essay in a proper manner. Feel free to write a Mathematics essay to achieve great results.

How World War II Affected Women

How World War II Affected Women Womens lives changed in many ways during World War II. As with most wars, many women found their roles and opportunities- and responsibilities- expanded. As Doris Weatherford wrote, â€Å"War holds many ironies, and among them is its liberating effect on women.† But the war also results in the special degradation of women, as victims of sexual violence. Around the World While many of the resources on this topic address American women specifically, Americans were by no means unique in being affected by and  playing critical roles in the war. Women in other Allied and Axis countries were also affected. Some ways in which women were affected were specific and unusual: the comfort women of China and Korea and the extermination and suffering of Jewish women in the Holocaust, for example. Women were among those held in internment camps by the United States for being of Japanese descent. Women and the Holocaustâ€Å"Comfort Women: of China and KoreaMargaret Bourke-White Photographs including of concentration and work campsJapanese Internment in the U.S. In other ways, there were similar or parallel global experiences: the advent of British, Soviet, and American women pilots or the worldwide home-makers burden of coping with wartime rationing and shortages, for example. American Women at Home and Work Husbands went to war or went to work in factories in other parts of the country, and the wives had to pick up their husbands responsibilities. With fewer men in the workforce, women filled more traditionally male jobs. World War II: Women at HomeWorld War II: Women at Work  (Images: Rosie the Riveter and Her Sisters)World War II: Women and Government Eleanor Roosevelt, First Lady, served during the war as the â€Å"eyes and ears† for her husband, whose ability to travel widely was impacted by his disability after he’d contracted polio in 1921. American Women and the Military In the military, women were excluded from combat duty, so women were called on to fill some military jobs that men had performed, to free men for combat duty. Some of those jobs took women near or into combat zones, and sometimes combat came to civilian areas, so some women died.  Special divisions for women were created in most of the military branches. World War II: Women and the MilitaryWASP: Women Pilots of World War II More Roles Some women, American and others, are known for their roles resisting the war.  Some of these women were pacifists, some opposed their country’s side, and some cooperated with invaders. World War II: Women Spies, Traitors, Pacifists, and War OpponentsTokyo Rose: imprisoned for treason, eventually cleared, pardoned in 1977Josephine Baker Celebrities were used on all sides as propaganda figures. A few used their celebrity status to work to raise funds or even to work in the underground. World War II: Women Celebrities and the WarLeni RiefenstahlLillian HellmanFuture celebrity Marilyn Monroe was photographed in a World War II factory job For further exploration, see the excellent read on the topic: Doris Weatherford’s American Women and World War II.

Ecommerce Assignment (National Bank of Dubai) Essay

Ecommerce Assignment (National Bank of Dubai) - Essay Example According to a study, by the Department of Psychology at Middle East Technical University, organizational success (of a web site) may be considered by the site's user-friendliness.4 The criteria specified in the study ("rollovers, pop-up menus, and search capabilities") to determine user-friendliness is, however; met by the NBD's web site. Therefore, based upon these criteria, it must be concluded that the site is an organizational success. The non transaction interactivity of the web site is sufficient and dynamic, yet rudimentary. The most attractive (and unique) aspect of this area is the "careers" section which shows the depth the bank has undertaken to inform potential employees of unique career paths. There is a very well formatted "site feedback" questionnaire as well as a separate link to contact the bank directly. However, an attempt to contact the bank, via this method (during working hours,) did not receive a reply as of the time of this writing. Privacy and security is a prime concern for all banks and customers and NBD appears to have a fairly good handle on the process.

Emerging Market Firms Investing in Each Other's Home Essay

Emerging Market Firms Investing in Each Other's Home - Essay Example China is one example of a developing market that makes its investments in other developed economies and also provides market to the developed economies such as Germany and Britain. Another example of a developing economy that deals in foreign direct trade with other emerging markets is Brazil. Signing of world currency deals with developed countries as well as emerging economies have been witnessed in the recent past. Sauvant (2009) argues China for instance has signed such agreements with various countries such as Argentina, Russia, united Arabs emirates, India and South Africa. This was made with an aim of ensuring financial safety by creating a joint pool risk mitigation mechanism. Foreign direct entry among emerging markets and developed economies Firms within nations with emerging economy; must be protected from foreign firms from developed nations which have competitive advantage as realized in the above mentioned examples. These calls for trade among nations with emerging mark ets by regulating market entry by other firms. Ken-lchi (2005) emphasizes, for this to change, firms from developed nations must adopt different mechanisms for market penetration. This calls for trade among nations with emerging markets by regulating market entry by other firms. For this to change, firms from developed nations must adopt different mechanisms for market penetration. This calls for trade among nations with emerging markets by regulating market entry by other firms. For this to change, firms from developed nations must adopt different mechanisms for market penetration. Lack of such change would see unto it that firms in developing nations develop economically and enhance world-class competence. It is argued that China, for instance, would be a good example in offering alternatives which would have otherwise been sought for from developed nations Rugman (2012) argues, the support for this is the angle of perception of emerging markets as the crucial point o driving the economy owing to the fact that developing countries are growing in number. Scramble for resources creates more pressure hence expectations are made on the first mover longer steps over the emerging heroes. Competition will be realized among emerging markets in regions such as Middle East and Africa through their government. This ability of providing alternatives by developing nation’s blocks developed nations from accessing the markets. Emerging markets have recorded better growth Brazil, china and India are the best examples of emerging markets in the world today. Chinese are known for the increased production as well as large population which provide both affordable labor and market for products. As a matter of facts, developed economies target such emerging markets so as to have a two way mutual benefit among them. Germany has a history of industrial production that majors on steel work. According to Fayolle & Todotoy (2011), this becomes a raw material for the emerging ec onomies in the process of production so that the developed country, in this case Germany exports the product to the emerging economy such as china. India has also recorded an increase in production hence targeted by the developed economies such as Europe in terms of foreign trade. There are challenges that the new economies pose to developed economies in terms of economic strength. This may be evident between Europe and United States as developed economies as well as India, china and Brazil which are the strong emerging economies. Operating at relatively same level of financial ability becomes the driving force. The establishment of enterprises in other countries will follow the emergence of markets for the products which would come from either

Not Just For Kicks: Expressing Difficult Content Using Comics Essay

A common description of comic books comes from their appearance in cartoons and comic strips, where a teacher catches a child reading a comic book tucked between the pages of their schoolwork. Prevailing attitudes formed off of this kind of perception render the idea of the comic form as a diversion, lacking serious content, and perhaps immature. However, the comic form uses many techniques to explore subject matter that is difficult to deal with in traditional educational ways. This paper will look to examine how immersion and symbolism within the comic form can be an effective tool to reproduce these otherwise difficult situations, concepts, and ideas by using examples of texts from our class that make excellent use of these techniques, in particular Nausicaa of the Valley of the Wind, The Photographer, and Bound by Law. The graphic novel is grounded in stereotypes that belie their true expressive power, and the deconstruction of those stereotypes is the first step in accessing concepts that are misconstrued and difficult. As Scott McCloud states in Understanding Comics "Sure, I realized that comic books were usually crude, poorly drawn...but they don't have to be" (McCloud 3), something we have witnessed through the sophistication of our texts this semester. By investigating how the comic form interacts with the reader, we can find many benefits that often position comics as an optimal vehicle for delivering informative and educational content where other mediums only barely suffice. However, separating the medium of comics from the content widely associated with them is a difficult task, and one that can only be changed by effective content delivered with effective comic technique. The main benefits of the graphic novel and... ...red towards delinquent children. While difficult material can be expressed in other methods than comics, these examples prove that with proper use of techniques and an awareness of the content itself, comics can provide a much deeper and enriching experience than just text or visual representation alone. Works Cited McCloud, Scott. Understanding Comics: The Invisible Art. New York: William Morrow Paperbacks/HarperCollins, 1994. Print. Miyazaki, Hayao. Nausicaa of the Valley of Wind. Volume 1. San Francisco, CA: Viz Communications, Inc., 1995.2nd Ed. 2004. First published by Nibariki/Tokuma Shoten, Japan, 1994. Print. Guibert, Emmanuel, et al. The Photographer: Into War-Torn Afghanistan with Doctors without Borders. New York and London: First Second, 2009. Print. Aoki, Keith, James Boyle, Jennifer Jenkins. Bound by Law. Duke Law School. 2006. Print.

Consulting Report of Solberri Hotel

Solberri Hotel January 20 2012 This report is in response to the request by Solberri hotel group for a review of its facing issues and identification of possible solutions. Consulting report ? STATE OF AFFAIRS Solberri is a group of resort hotels registered as a listed company with 12 resort hotels in Europe. Established in the 1980s, it had run successfully until 2003 and also incurred losses in 2005 and 2006. To improve the situation, Solberri implemented strategy changes to the hotel operating environment such as the pricing changes and a refurbishment program. With these adjustments, situation gets better with a large forecast cash surplus in this financial year. Currently the chain of hotels is faced with critical issues revolving around its operation including human resources that are better explained with the help of SWOT analysis in Appendix 1. It is important for Solberri to make use of the management tools to understand the current situation and to achieve the revenue target, increased share holder value and better customer satisfaction. ? ISSUES IN HAND Solberri is faced with multiple issues that act as a barrier to meet their goals and target. From our review and understanding of the environment we put forth the below issues and rank them as priority and other issues. Priority issues: †¢Poor customer experience that could be a result of ethical issues such as oPoor treatment of General manages and senior employees. oMisdistribution of tips oInvestment in unprofitable environmentally friendly initiatives. †¢The potential need to borrow money to enhance spas before the 2007/08 Peak season †¢The need to raise occupancy rates and earnings generated from extra charges to hit the planned revenue for the financial year ending September 2008 †¢The poor share price and vulnerability of Solberri Other issues: †¢Installation of solar panels †¢Non-participation in the international star ratings system †¢Potential problems with the quality of outsourced services †¢Upgrading website to include a virtual tour of facilities . ? ISSUE ANALYSIS In this section, the analysis is done for top priority issues. Customer service and relevant HR issues. The quality of customer service is crucial to companies’ survival in service industry. Unfortunately, the service provided by Solberri failed to meet the expected standard of its customers. The main reason for poor customer service is employees’ lack of skills and motivation. The majority of Solberri employees are temporary, with limited knowledge of the hotel industry and relevant skills. Besides, all short-term employees only receive two days introduction training which is apparently insufficient. The customer service can be improved in two aspects. In the short term, Nick Silva, customer service Director, needs to review staffing level immediately to meet the upcoming demand. Strict selection and a specific regular training program are needed to ensure the quality of its employees. In the long term, adjusting the ratio of the number of long-term employees to that of short-term ones is necessary. Too many temporary employees lead to poor customer service and low stock of talents, resulting in General managers working long hours and under high stress (more details in ethical issues). Though more long-term employees mean more costs, the benefits from improved customer service will outweigh the costs. Furthermore, because recognition of employees’ efforts can stimulate them to offer better service, some motivation measures are recommended. According to ERG theory, people in different levels have different needs. Most temporary employees are in the existence level, they need money to maintain their existence requirements, and therefore incentives such as bonus will be useful. However, most long-term employees are in relatedness and growth level, so incentives such as vocation award or decision making involvement will be suitable. With the new recruitment, training and incentives, it’s estimated that an additional employee cost of â‚ ¬7. 5 million will be incurred, a 12% increase from last year. Ethical issues Two ethical issues will be discussed in this report. a. Poor treatment of employees. General Managers and key senior employees are working under high stress over 16 hours every day. Solberri gets into ethical issue of overworking employees and paying no compensation. Due to a shortage of senior employees, their workload is unlikely to be reduced immediately. Therefore, the hotel should compensate for their overwork. To solve this problem fundamentally Soberri should reserve sufficient elites by increasing its long-term employees. b. Misdistribution of tips. When Solberri collected all the tips and evenly distributed them to employees, an ethical issue arose for the transparency and fairness of such distribution. Such controversial tips distribution should be changed back to the traditional way—employees can keep the tips for themselves. For those non-facing-customer employees who don’t get tips, Solberri is recommended to increase their bonus to make up the difference. Forecast cash surplus investment issue Before analyzing the four proposals, it’s important to know how much cash is available for investment. Since Solberri is under loan covenants and other financing alternatives such as rights issue can’t raise funds in a short time, the only source of funds is the internal capital. It’s estimated that 59 million cash will be generated from operations in this financial year. After deducting finance costs, tax, dividends and additional HR reform costs in the first issue, there’s only â‚ ¬30. 9 million cash available. (Appendix 2. 1) The total amount for the four proposals is â‚ ¬123 million (Appendix 2. 2). Solberri has to perform a cost benefit analysis to choose the most profitable proposal as it is clear that Solberri doesn’t have enough funds to implement all of them. Proposal A is to extend the number of rooms at the four â€Å"Premier† hotels by adding each another 200 rooms and supporting facilities. It’s estimated to generate â‚ ¬10 million NPV for each hotel over a 5-year period based on an 80% occupancy level. However, this may have some negative effects since the additional rooms and facilities make the hotel more crowded and less comfortable. Therefore, the 80% occupancy level is not guaranteed. Besides, it’s just the first year that Solberri has had such high occupancy levels. Extending the number of rooms in such a large scale is too risky. Proposal B is to invest in refurbishment and extend spa facilities at the remaining hotels. The forecast cost is â‚ ¬6 million for each hotel. The high level of bookings at the 4 â€Å"Premier† hotels during the 2008 Peak season has demonstrated the success of the refurbishment plan. So this proposal contains relatively little risk. Furthermore, spa facilities have become a key selling point in resort hotels. This new trend provides great opportunity for Solberri to escape from the Red Ocean, the very competitive market of traditional resort hotels. By differentiating itself by providing exclusive spa facilities, Solberri can successfully grab the Blue-ocean market, namely the profitable and rapidly-developing market of resort hotels with exclusive spa facilities. Finally, refurbishing the hotels can improve Solberri’s profit margin. However, refurbishing all the remaining hotels simultaneously is beyond Solberri’s financial ability. It’s recommended that Solberri refurbish only three hotels—two â€Å"Superior† and one â€Å"Super Plus†. Refurbishing the â€Å"Super Plus† hotels is riskier since there is no previous experience and the refurbishment will need to close permanently 15 rooms in each hotel. But if Solberri only refurbish â€Å"Superior† hotels, in a short time, there will be a gap in middle-priced hotels, which is unfavorable to the company’s strategic development. Proposal C is to acquire an additional resort hotel costing 24 million. The expected NPV is â‚ ¬39. 2 million (Appendix 2. 3). Besides, the breakeven occupancy level is 60% (Appendix 2. 4), which is quite easy to achieve. So Proposal C seems profitable with reasonable risk. However, the initiate cost is too large as it’s for only one hotel. Compared with Proposal B, it’s too risky for Solberri in its first year with such good performance. Proposal D is to invest in environmentally friendly initiatives including the installation of solar panels costing â‚ ¬6 million and other environmental initiatives costing â‚ ¬9 million. Though investing in these initiatives cannot generate profits for the company directly, it can help establish Solberri as a socially responsible company which will be positive to its image. But funds are so limited that investing in all these in unrealistic. It’s recommended that Solberri invest in the solar panel project first since it can produce cost savings of 0. 6 million per year and defer the others. Loan covenant restriction The â‚ ¬20 million loan negotiated at the end of 2007 has loan covenants restricting the company’s further loan financing within 2 years from December 2007, resulting in a probable capital shortage for its future development. Solberri can try negotiating with the bank for removal of restriction by showing them the latest forecast figures and the high level of bookings. However, the good performance of only one year wouldn’t be convincing enough to the bank. Solberri can also try refinancing by issuing additional stocks through public offering or private placement. However, due to the relatively high standard and costly registration of public offering, private placement is preferable. With low threshold for issuing, private placement is feasible for Solberri whose business just began to pick up after slow seasons. With the good performance this year, it’s probable that the Solberri will attract strategic investment from institutional investors via private placements to ensure its future development. The poor share price and vulnerability of Solberri RECOMMENDATION Customer service and related HR issues. It is recommended that Solberri immediately work out a plan for recruitment and training, to ensure job fit and effective training among all employees. Employees who can’t provide the high standard of service will be refused or assigned to non-facing-customer positions. Moreover, Solberri should set up appropriate motivation mechanisms such as bonus and vacation rewards. It is also recommended that Solberri enlarge its long-term employee proportion by training some short-term employees to be skillful long-term ones. In this way, more employees will cultivate a sense of responsibility and can handle the previous temporary employees’ work in non-peak season. Ethical issues It’s recommended that Solberri compensate for employees’ overwork. In the long run, the company needs to enlarge its senior employee reserve. It’s recommended that Solberri abandon its controversial tips distribution and set up a bonus system for non-facing customer employees to make up their income difference. Forecast cash surplus investment issue It’s recommended that Solberri spend its forecast cash surplus on Proposal B to refurbish and extend the spa facilities at two â€Å"Superior† hotels and one â€Å"Super Plus† hotel, which costs â‚ ¬18 million in total. Since it’s just the first year Solberri has performed so well in these years, it’s better for it to be conservative towards investment. It’s also recommended that Solberri invest in the installation of solar panels at all 12 hotels costing â‚ ¬6 million and postpone other environmentally friendly initiatives due to its limited funds. These two plans will result in â‚ ¬6. 9 million cash retained Appendix 2. 5), which will help improve the liquidity of Solberri. . Loan covenant restriction It is recommended that Solberri try to negotiate with the bank for removal of the restriction. If it’s not workable, Solberri could try seasoned equity offering to refinance either by public offering or private placement, while private placement seems to be most feasible for Solberri and thus is highly recommended. If external financing doesn’t work, it is highly recommended that Solberri try all means to control its costs. The poor share price and vulnerability of Solberri ? CONCLUSION Solberri is now at a crucial time since it’s the first time it has had such good performance in these years. It is now facing several important issues. The most important ones are how to solve the poor customer service problem and which investment proposal to choose for its future development to increase the occupancy level for all the hotel rooms. It is believed that the analysis and recommendations above can serve as useful references for its decision-making. Solberri has to differentiate itself in the market through a shift by showcasing its spa facilities as its forefront in capturing holiday makers. With a change in visa regulations in Europe Solberri may opt to pay more attention to its local clients by offering the day use of the hotel’s services and facilities during non-peak seasons. To position itself as a â€Å"holiday resort hotel†, there should be a refurbishment of Solberri’s hotels to â€Å"Premier† standards ? SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTHS †¢Good reputation with a long history; †¢Proven track record of range of spa facilities †¢Successful refurbishment program †¢Many of long-term employees have worked for Solberri for over 10 years with rich experience. †¢Stable co-operation with several travel agents. Experienced board directors. †¢High sense of Corporate Social Responsibility( 1 hotel won a bronze award in the Green Tourism business awards, 2007 †¢High level of bookings for Peak season 2008 with large cash surplus forecast WEAKNESS †¢Outdated information technology systems. †¢Restrictive loan covenan t. †¢Difficulty in enforcing agreed quality service levels. †¢Declining share price compared to 2002 †¢Poor customer service with disappointing customer feedback. †¢Low level of repeat booking. †¢Lack of motivation of short-term employees. †¢Poorly structured financial planning. †¢Resignation of Finance Director. OPPORTUNITIES High level of bookings and a forecast cash surplus of â‚ ¬59 million which can be used for further expansion, refurbishment program, paying dividends, and(or) meeting CSR by investing in environmentally friendly initiatives; †¢ Huge potential market for Spa service †¢Pricing structure changes to boost occupancy levels †¢Effective use of variety of media to generate more sales THREATS †¢ External completion from other hotel industries †¢ Understaffing and poor service to meet the high level booking that could impact reputation †¢Resistance from †¢Competitors having state of art information technology can be market eaders. †¢ Fall in spa revenues of one â€Å"premier† hotel due to a rival business operated by an ex-manager. †¢Difference of opinion amongst management staff may delay the strategy implementation. WORKINGS 2. 1. 1 Investible surplus â‚ ¬59 million is cash generated from operations before finance costs, tax and dividends, which should be deducted. Besides, the additional operation cost incurred by human resources management should also be deducted in order to get the available cash for investment. 2. 1. 2Cost of finance S. No. AmountRate of InterestDetailsDuration for CYInterest Cost a. 12 m10%Oct- Dec ‘073 monthsâ‚ ¬0. 3 m b. â‚ ¬6 m8%Repayable in Sep 20101 yrâ‚ ¬0. 48m c. â‚ ¬15 m11%June 20121 yrâ‚ ¬1. 65m d. â‚ ¬20 m10%Jan-2008 to Dec ‘149 mthsâ‚ ¬1. 5m Totalâ‚ ¬3. 93 m Notes: a. â‚ ¬12 million loan at 10% repayable in December 2007 -As its repayable date is in December 2007, the interest expens e incurred in this accounting period is only for three months (October 2007 to December 2007). â‚ ¬12 million*10%*3/12 = â‚ ¬0. 3 million b. â‚ ¬6 million loan at 8% repayable in September 2010 -â‚ ¬6 million*8% = â‚ ¬0. 48 million c. â‚ ¬15 million loan at 11% repayable in June 2012 -â‚ ¬15 million*11% = â‚ ¬1. 5 million d. â‚ ¬20 million loan at 10% beginning in January 2008 and repayable in December 2014 -As this loan began in January 2008, the interest expense incurred in this accounting period is only for nine months (January 2008 to September 2008). â‚ ¬20 million*10%*9/12 = â‚ ¬1. 5 million 2. 1. 3 Tax expense As stated in the case, the post-tax profit for the year ended September 2008 will be â‚ ¬27 million. Based on the tax rate of 32%, the taxable income = â‚ ¬27 million/(1-32%) = â‚ ¬39. 7 million . Therefore, the tax expense = â‚ ¬39. 7 million*32% = â‚ ¬12. 7 million 2. 1. 4 Dividends In 2007, Solberri made a profit of â‚ ¬5 million and paid â‚ ¬2 million for dividends, which equals a dividend per share of â‚ ¬0. 083. It’s recommended that Solberri double the DPS this year, making the total dividends expenditure as much as â‚ ¬4 million. 2. 1. 5 Additional operation cost As is mentioned before, the high occupancy level this year will incur additional operational cost due to the employee recruitment, training and motivation. It’ estimated to be around â‚ ¬7. 5 million based on an estimated 12% increase compared with 2007 when the staff costs were â‚ ¬62 million. Cash Available for Investment( in million) Investible surplus( before deduction)= â‚ ¬59. 00 Less: Interest cost –â‚ ¬3. 93 Tax expense –â‚ ¬12. 7 Dividend expense –â‚ ¬4. 00 Additional operation cost –â‚ ¬7. 5 Net surplus= â‚ ¬30. 9 2. 2. Total cost for all four investment proposals : ProposalInvestment cost per hotelNumber of hotelsTotal cost Aâ‚ ¬9 million4â‚ ¬36 million Bâ‚ ¬6 million8â‚ ¬48 million C****â‚ ¬24 million Dâ‚ ¬15 million Total costâ‚ ¬123 million **Total cost for Proposal C = acquiring cost + refurbishing cost + marketing cost = â‚ ¬5 million +â‚ ¬16 million+â‚ ¬3 million = â‚ ¬24 million Total cost for Proposal D = â‚ ¬15 million 2. . Expected NPV of Proposal C As is shown in the case, when occupancy level equals 95%, the NPV will be â‚ ¬100. 0 million. When it’s 80%, the NPV will be â‚ ¬35 million. When it’s 50%, the NPV will be –â‚ ¬25 million. And their probabilities are 25%, 60% and 15% respe ctively. Therefore, the weighted average NPV = â‚ ¬100. 0 million*25% + â‚ ¬35. 0 million*60% +(-â‚ ¬25 million)*15% = â‚ ¬42. 2 million However the marketing cost of â‚ ¬3 million is excluded in the above NPV, so the expected NPV of Proposal C = â‚ ¬42. 2 million – â‚ ¬3 million = â‚ ¬39. 2 million 2. 4. Breakeven occupancy level of Proposal C When occupancy level equals 95%, the NPV will be â‚ ¬97 million. When it’s 50%, the NPV will be -â‚ ¬28 million. Thus, when the occupancy level decreases by 1%, the NPV will decrease by â‚ ¬2. 78 million. [â‚ ¬97 million – (-â‚ ¬28 million)] / (95-50) = â‚ ¬2. 78 million In this way, when the occupancy level changes by about 35% (97/2. 78), the NPV will decrease to zero. Therefore, the breakeven occupancy level is around 60%. 2. 5 Estimated cash retained Estimated cash retained = cash available for investment – investment costs = â‚ ¬30. 9 million –â‚ ¬24 million = â‚ ¬6. 9 million Comparison between Solberri and Shangri-la Asia Limited with the DuPont Model 3. 1 DuPont Model of Solberri 2007 Return on Equity (ROE) 0. 568 Return on Assets (ROA) 0. 3086? Equity Multiplier (EM) 1. 8409 Profit Margin 0. 0314? Total Asset Turnover 0. 9815 1 /(1—Debt Ratio 0. 4568) Net Income/Net Sales Net Sales/Average Total Assets Total Liabilities/Total Assets 3. 2 DuPont Model of Shangri-la Asia Limited 200 7 Return on Equity (ROE) 0. 1046 Return on Assets (ROA) 0. 1029? Equity Multiplier (EM) 1. 016 Profit Margin 0. 3069? Total Asset Turnover 0. 3354 1 /(1—Debt Ratio 0. 0159) Net Income/Net Sales Net Sales/Average Total Assets Total Liabilities/Total Assets Comparison between Solberri and Shangri-la Asia Limited with the DuPont Model 3. DuPont Model of Solberri 2007 Return on Equity (ROE) 0. 0568 Return on Assets (ROA) 0. 3086? Equity Multiplier (EM) 1. 8409 Profit Margin 0. 0314? Total Asset Turnover 0. 9815 1 /(1—Debt Ratio 0. 4568) Net Income/Net Sales Net Sales/Average Total Assets Total Liabilities/Total Assets 3. 2 DuPont Model of Shangri-la Asia Limited 2007 Return on Equity (ROE) 0. 1046 Return on Assets (ROA) 0. 1029? Equity Multiplier (EM) 1. 016 Profit Margin 0. 3069? Total Asset Turnover 0. 3354 1 /(1—Debt Ratio 0. 0159) Net Income/Net Sales Net Sales/Average Total Assets T Solberri Hotel January 20 2012 This report is in response to the request by Solberri hotel group for a review of its facing issues and identification of possible solutions. Consulting report ? STATE OF AFFAIRS Solberri is a group of resort hotels registered as a listed company with 12 resort hotels in Europe. Established in the 1980s, it had run successfully until 2003 and also incurred losses in 2005 and 2006. To improve the situation, Solberri implemented strategy changes to the hotel operating environment such as the pricing changes and a refurbishment program. With these adjustments, situation gets better with a large forecast cash surplus in this financial year. Currently the chain of hotels is faced with critical issues revolving around its operation including human resources that are better explained with the help of SWOT analysis in Appendix 1. It is important for Solberri to make use of the management tools to understand the current situation and to achieve the revenue target, increased share holder value and better customer satisfaction. ? ISSUES IN HAND Solberri is faced with multiple issues that act as a barrier to meet their goals and target. From our review and understanding of the environment we put forth the below issues and rank them as priority and other issues. Priority issues: †¢Poor customer experience that could be a result of ethical issues such as oPoor treatment of General manages and senior employees. oMisdistribution of tips oInvestment in unprofitable environmentally friendly initiatives. †¢The potential need to borrow money to enhance spas before the 2007/08 Peak season †¢The need to raise occupancy rates and earnings generated from extra charges to hit the planned revenue for the financial year ending September 2008 †¢The poor share price and vulnerability of Solberri Other issues: †¢Installation of solar panels Non-participation in the international star ratings system †¢Potential problems with the quality of outsourced services †¢Upgrading website to include a virtual tour of facilities . ? ISSUE ANALYSIS In this section, the analysis is done for top priority issues. Customer service and relevant HR issues. The quality of customer service is crucial to companies’ survival in service ind ustry. Unfortunately, the service provided by Solberri failed to meet the expected standard of its customers. The main reason for poor customer service is employees’ lack of skills and motivation. The majority of Solberri employees are temporary, with limited knowledge of the hotel industry and relevant skills. Besides, all short-term employees only receive two days introduction training which is apparently insufficient. The customer service can be improved in two aspects. In the short term, Nick Silva, customer service Director, needs to review staffing level immediately to meet the upcoming demand. Strict selection and a specific regular training program are needed to ensure the quality of its employees. In the long term, adjusting the ratio of the number of long-term employees to that of short-term ones is necessary. Too many temporary employees lead to poor customer service and low stock of talents, resulting in General managers working long hours and under high stress (more details in ethical issues). Though more long-term employees mean more costs, the benefits from improved customer service will outweigh the costs. Furthermore, because recognition of employees’ efforts can stimulate them to offer better service, some motivation measures are recommended. According to ERG theory, people in different levels have different needs. Most temporary employees are in the existence level, they need money to maintain their existence requirements, and therefore incentives such as bonus will be useful. However, most long-term employees are in relatedness and growth level, so incentives such as vocation award or decision making involvement will be suitable. With the new recruitment, training and incentives, it’s estimated that an additional employee cost of â‚ ¬7. 5 million will be incurred, a 12% increase from last year. Ethical issues Two ethical issues will be discussed in this report. a. Poor treatment of employees. General Managers and key senior employees are working under high stress over 16 hours every day. Solberri gets into ethical issue of overworking employees and paying no compensation. Due to a shortage of senior employees, their workload is unlikely to be reduced immediately. Therefore, the hotel should compensate for their overwork. To solve this problem fundamentally Soberri should reserve sufficient elites by increasing its long-term employees. b. Misdistribution of tips. When Solberri collected all the tips and evenly distributed them to employees, an ethical issue arose for the transparency and fairness of such distribution. Such controversial tips distribution should be changed back to the traditional way—employees can keep the tips for themselves. For those non-facing-customer employees who don’t get tips, Solberri is recommended to increase their bonus to make up the difference. Forecast cash surplus investment issue Before analyzing the four proposals, it’s important to know how much cash is available for investment. Since Solberri is under loan covenants and other financing alternatives such as rights issue can’t raise funds in a short time, the only source of funds is the internal capital. It’s estimated that 59 million cash will be generated from operations in this financial year. After deducting finance costs, tax, dividends and additional HR reform costs in the first issue, there’s only â‚ ¬30. 9 million cash available. (Appendix 2. 1) The total amount for the four proposals is â‚ ¬123 million (Appendix 2. 2). Solberri has to perform a cost benefit analysis to choose the most rofitable proposal as it is clear that Solberri doesn’t have enough funds to implement all of them. Proposal A is to extend the number of rooms at the four â€Å"Premier† hotels by adding each another 200 rooms and supporting facilities. It’s estimated to generate â‚ ¬10 million NPV for each hotel over a 5-year period based on an 80% occupancy level. However, this may h ave some negative effects since the additional rooms and facilities make the hotel more crowded and less comfortable. Therefore, the 80% occupancy level is not guaranteed. Besides, it’s just the first year that Solberri has had such high occupancy levels. Extending the number of rooms in such a large scale is too risky. Proposal B is to invest in refurbishment and extend spa facilities at the remaining hotels. The forecast cost is â‚ ¬6 million for each hotel. The high level of bookings at the 4 â€Å"Premier† hotels during the 2008 Peak season has demonstrated the success of the refurbishment plan. So this proposal contains relatively little risk. Furthermore, spa facilities have become a key selling point in resort hotels. This new trend provides great opportunity for Solberri to escape from the Red Ocean, the very competitive market of traditional resort hotels. By differentiating itself by providing exclusive spa facilities, Solberri can successfully grab the Blue-ocean market, namely the profitable and rapidly-developing market of resort hotels with exclusive spa facilities. Finally, refurbishing the hotels can improve Solberri’s profit margin. However, refurbishing all the remaining hotels simultaneously is beyond Solberri’s financial ability. It’s recommended that Solberri refurbish only three hotels—two â€Å"Superior† and one â€Å"Super Plus†. Refurbishing the â€Å"Super Plus† hotels is riskier since there is no previous experience and the refurbishment will need to close permanently 15 rooms in each hotel. But if Solberri only refurbish â€Å"Superior† hotels, in a short time, there will be a gap in middle-priced hotels, which is unfavorable to the company’s strategic development. Proposal C is to acquire an additional resort hotel costing 24 million. The expected NPV is â‚ ¬39. 2 million (Appendix 2. 3). Besides, the breakeven occupancy level is 60% (Appendix 2. 4), which is quite easy to achieve. So Proposal C seems profitable with reasonable risk. However, the initiate cost is too large as it’s for only one hotel. Compared with Proposal B, it’s too risky for Solberri in its first year with such good performance. Proposal D is to invest in environmentally friendly initiatives including the installation of solar panels costing â‚ ¬6 million and other environmental initiatives costing â‚ ¬9 million. Though investing in these initiatives cannot generate profits for the company directly, it can help establish Solberri as a socially responsible company which will be positive to its image. But funds are so limited that investing in all these in unrealistic. It’s recommended that Solberri invest in the solar panel project first since it can produce cost savings of 0. 6 million per year and defer the others. Loan covenant restriction The â‚ ¬20 million loan negotiated at the end of 2007 has loan covenants restricting the company’s further loan financing within 2 years from December 2007, resulting in a probable capital shortage for its future development. Solberri can try negotiating with the bank for removal of restriction by showing them the latest forecast figures and the high level of bookings. However, the good performance of only one year wouldn’t be convincing enough to the bank. Solberri can also try refinancing by issuing additional stocks through public offering or private placement. However, due to the relatively high standard and costly registration of public offering, private placement is preferable. With low threshold for issuing, private placement is feasible for Solberri whose business just began to pick up after slow seasons. With the good performance this year, it’s probable that the Solberri will attract strategic investment from institutional investors via private placements to ensure its future development. The poor share price and vulnerability of Solberri RECOMMENDATION Customer service and related HR issues. It is recommended that Solberri immediately work out a plan for recruitment and training, to ensure job fit and effective training among all employees. Employees who can’t provide the high standard of service will be refused or assigned to non-facing-customer positions. Moreover, Solberri should set up appropriate motivation mechanisms such as bonus and vacation rewards. It is also recommended that Solberri enlarge its long-term employee proportion by training some short-term employees to be skillful long-term ones. In this way, more employees will cultivate a sense of responsibility and can handle the previous temporary employees’ work in non-peak season. Ethical issues It’s recommended that Solberri compensate for employees’ overwork. In the long run, the company needs to enlarge its senior employee reserve. It’s recommended that Solberri abandon its controversial tips distribution and set up a bonus system for non-facing customer employees to make up their income difference. Forecast cash surplus investment issue It’s recommended that Solberri spend its forecast cash surplus on Proposal B to refurbish and extend the spa facilities at two â€Å"Superior† hotels and one â€Å"Super Plus† hotel, which costs â‚ ¬18 million in total. Since it’s just the first year Solberri has performed so well in these years, it’s better for it to be conservative towards investment. It’s also recommended that Solberri invest in the installation of solar panels at all 12 hotels costing â‚ ¬6 million and postpone other environmentally friendly initiatives due to its limited funds. These two plans will result in â‚ ¬6. 9 million cash retained (Appendix 2. ), which will help improve the liquidity of Solberri. . Loan covenant restriction It is recommended that Solberri try to negotiate with the bank for removal of the restriction. If it’s not workable, Solberri could try seasoned equity offering to refinance either by public offering or private placement, while private placement seems to be most feasible for Solberri and thus is highly recommended. If external financing doesn’t work, it is highly recommended that Solberri try all means to control its costs. The poor share price and vulnerability of Solberri ? CONCLUSION Solberri is now at a crucial time since it’s the first time it has had such good performance in these years. It is now facing several important issues. The most important ones are how to solve the poor customer service problem and which investment proposal to choose for its future development to increase the occupancy level for all the hotel rooms. It is believed that the analysis and recommendations above can serve as useful references for its decision-making. Solberri has to differentiate itself in the market through a shift by showcasing its spa facilities as its forefront in capturing holiday makers. With a change in visa regulations in Europe Solberri may opt to pay more attention to its local clients by offering the day use of the hotel’s services and facilities during non-peak seasons. To position itself as a â€Å"holiday resort hotel†, there should be a refurbishment of Solberri’s hotels to â€Å"Premier† standards ? SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTHS †¢Good reputation with a long history; †¢Proven track record of range of spa facilities †¢Successful refurbishment program †¢Many of long-term employees have worked for Solberri for over 10 years with rich experience. †¢Stable co-operation with several travel agents. Experienced board directors. †¢High sense of Corporate Social Responsibility( 1 hotel won a bronze award in the Green Tourism business awards, 2007 †¢High level of bookings for Peak season 2008 with large cash surplus forecast WEAKNESS †¢Outdated information technology systems. †¢Restrictive loan covenan t. †¢Difficulty in enforcing agreed quality service levels. †¢Declining share price compared to 2002 †¢Poor customer service with disappointing customer feedback. †¢Low level of repeat booking. †¢Lack of motivation of short-term employees. †¢Poorly structured financial planning. Resignation of Finance Director. OPPORTUNITIES †¢High level of bookings and a forecast cash surplus of â‚ ¬59 million which can be used for further expansion, refurbishment program, paying dividends, and(or) meeting CSR by investing in environmentally friendly initiatives; †¢ Huge potential market for Spa service †¢Pricing structure changes to boost occupancy levels †¢Effective use of variety of media to generate more sales THREATS †¢ External completion from other hotel industries †¢ Understaffing and poor service to meet the high level booking that could impact reputation †¢Resistance from Competitors having state of art information techno logy can be market leaders. †¢ Fall in spa revenues of one â€Å"premier† hotel due to a rival business operated by an ex-manager. †¢Difference of opinion amongst management staff may delay the strategy implementation. WORKINGS 2. 1. 1 Investible surplus â‚ ¬59 million is cash generated from operations before finance costs, tax and dividends, which should be deducted. Besides, the additional operation cost incurred by human resources management should also be deducted in order to get the available cash for investment. 2. 1. 2Cost of finance S. No. AmountRate of InterestDetailsDuration for CYInterest Cost a. â‚ ¬12 m10%Oct- Dec ‘073 monthsâ‚ ¬0. 3 m b. â‚ ¬6 m8%Repayable in Sep 20101 yrâ‚ ¬0. 48m c. â‚ ¬15 m11%June 20121 yrâ‚ ¬1. 65m d. â‚ ¬20 m10%Jan-2008 to Dec ‘149 mthsâ‚ ¬1. 5m Totalâ‚ ¬3. 93 m Notes: a. â‚ ¬12 million loan at 10% repayable in December 2007 -As its repayable date is in December 2007, the interest expense incurred in this accounting period is only for three months (October 2007 to December 2007). â‚ ¬12 million*10%*3/12 = â‚ ¬0. 3 million b. â‚ ¬6 million loan at 8% repayable in September 2010 -â‚ ¬6 million*8% = â‚ ¬0. 48 million c. 15 million loan at 11% repayable in June 2012 -â‚ ¬15 million*11% = â‚ ¬1. 65 million d. â‚ ¬20 million loan at 10% beginning in January 2008 and repayable in December 2014 -As this loan began in January 2008, the interest expense incurred in this accounting period is only for nine months (January 2008 to S eptember 2008). â‚ ¬20 million*10%*9/12 = â‚ ¬1. 5 million 2. 1. 3 Tax expense As stated in the case, the post-tax profit for the year ended September 2008 will be â‚ ¬27 million. Based on the tax rate of 32%, the taxable income = â‚ ¬27 million/(1-32%) = â‚ ¬39. 7 million . Therefore, the tax expense = â‚ ¬39. 7 million*32% = â‚ ¬12. 7 million 2. . 4 Dividends In 2007, Solberri made a profit of â‚ ¬5 million and paid â‚ ¬2 million for dividends, which equals a dividend per share of â‚ ¬0. 083. It’s recommended that Solberri double the DPS this year, making the total dividends expenditure as much as â‚ ¬4 million. 2. 1. 5 Additional operation cost As is mentioned before, the high occupancy level this year will incur additional operational cost due to the employee recruitment, training and motivation. It’ estimated to be around â‚ ¬7. 5 million based on an estimated 12% increase compared with 2007 when the staff costs were â‚ ¬62 m illion. Cash Available for Investment( in million) Investible surplus( before deduction)= â‚ ¬59. 00 Less: Interest cost –â‚ ¬3. 93 Tax expense –â‚ ¬12. 7 Dividend expense –â‚ ¬4. 00 Additional operation cost –â‚ ¬7. 5 Net surplus= â‚ ¬30. 9 2. 2. Total cost for all four investment proposals : ProposalInvestment cost per hotelNumber of hotelsTotal cost Aâ‚ ¬9 million4â‚ ¬36 million Bâ‚ ¬6 million8â‚ ¬48 million C****â‚ ¬24 million Dâ‚ ¬15 million Total costâ‚ ¬123 million **Total cost for Proposal C = acquiring cost + refurbishing cost + marketing cost = â‚ ¬5 million +â‚ ¬16 million+â‚ ¬3 million = â‚ ¬24 million Total cost for Proposal D = â‚ ¬15 million . 3. Expected NPV of Proposal C As is shown in the case, when occupancy level equals 95%, the NPV will be â‚ ¬100. 0 million. When it’s 80%, the NPV will be â‚ ¬35 million. When it’s 50%, the NPV will be –â‚ ¬25 million. And their probabilities are 25%, 60% and 15% respe ctively. Therefore, the weighted average NPV = â‚ ¬100. 0 million*25% + â‚ ¬35. 0 million*60% +(-â‚ ¬25 million)*15% = â‚ ¬42. 2 million However the marketing cost of â‚ ¬3 million is excluded in the above NPV, so the expected NPV of Proposal C = â‚ ¬42. 2 million – â‚ ¬3 million = â‚ ¬39. 2 million 2. 4. Breakeven occupancy level of Proposal C When occupancy level equals 95%, the NPV will be â‚ ¬97 million. When it’s 50%, the NPV will be -â‚ ¬28 million. Thus, when the occupancy level decreases by 1%, the NPV will decrease by â‚ ¬2. 78 million. [â‚ ¬97 million – (-â‚ ¬28 million)] / (95-50) = â‚ ¬2. 78 million In this way, when the occupancy level changes by about 35% (97/2. 78), the NPV will decrease to zero. Therefore, the breakeven occupancy level is around 60%. 2. 5 Estimated cash retained Estimated cash retained = cash available for investment – investment costs = â‚ ¬30. 9 million –â‚ ¬24 million = â‚ ¬6. 9 million Comparison between Solberri and Shangri-la Asia Limited with the DuPont Model 3. DuPont Model of Solberri 2007 Return on Equity (ROE) 0. 0568 Return on Assets (ROA) 0. 3086? Equity Multiplier (EM) 1. 8409 Profit Margin 0. 0314? Total Asset Turnover 0. 9815 1 /(1—Debt Ratio 0. 4568) Net Income/Net Sales Net Sales/Average Total Assets Total Liabil ities/Total Assets 3. 2 DuPont Model of Shangri-la Asia Limited 2007 Return on Equity (ROE) 0. 1046 Return on Assets (ROA) 0. 1029? Equity Multiplier (EM) 1. 016 Profit Margin 0. 3069? Total Asset Turnover 0. 3354 1 /(1—Debt Ratio 0. 0159) Net Income/Net Sales Net Sales/Average Total Assets Total Liabilities/Total Assets Comparison between Solberri and Shangri-la Asia Limited with the DuPont Model 3. 1 DuPont Model of Solberri 2007 Return on Equity (ROE) 0. 0568 Return on Assets (ROA) 0. 3086? Equity Multiplier (EM) 1. 8409 Profit Margin 0. 0314? Total Asset Turnover 0. 9815 1 /(1—Debt Ratio 0. 4568) Net Income/Net Sales Net Sales/Average Total Assets Total Liabilities/Total Assets 3. 2 DuPont Model of Shangri-la Asia Limited 2007 Return on Equity (ROE) 0. 1046 Return on Assets (ROA) 0. 1029? Equity Multiplier (EM) 1. 016 Profit Margin 0. 3069? Total Asset Turnover 0. 3354 1 /(1—Debt Ratio 0. 0159) Net Income/Net Sales Net Sales/Average Total Assets T